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et al., 1996; Barnhart et al., 1998a). Another approach has been to expand the set of
feasible crew solutions by integrating aircraft routing and crew scheduling decisions (Cohn
and Barnhart, 2003; Cordeau et al., 2001; Klabjan et al., 2002), This approach is discussed
in further detail in the next section.
7.5 Aircraft Maintenance Routing and Crew Pairing Optimization
Even in countries that have implemented economic deregulation of airline markets, gov-
ernment regulations require that aircraft undergo periodic maintenance checks at regular
intervals that satisfy limits on the amount of flying time between maintenance checks.
These maintenance checks are performed at maintenance stations that in some cases are
capable of servicing only specific aircraft types and which can be located at various
airport locations in the flight network. In the USA, regulations require inspections of
aircraft approximately every 3 - 5 days.1 If violated, the uninspected aircraft is grounded
and not allowed to fly without first undergoing an inspection. To avoid this costly out-
come, airlines typically build aircraft routings that provide “more frequent” maintenance
opportunities, thereby providing slack in the schedule and allowing schedule changes to
delay maintenance checks without the consequence of grounded aircraft.
To address the problem of aircraft routing given maintenance requirements, a typical
approach is to define one maintenance routing problem for each subnetwork of flight legs
assigned to a common fleet. The goal then is to route individual aircraft so that each
flight leg has exactly one aircraft assigned to it; each aircraft route begins and ends at
the same location (thus forming a cycle or rotation) and each aircraft (or tail number)
visits a maintenance station at regular intervals. When flight schedules, fleet assignments
and crew pairings are built for daily operations, aircraft routing models are similarly
constructed. As in the case of daily crew pairings, this implies that a rotation spanning n
days requires n aircraft, each one performing the flight legs contained within a 24-hour
period and each advancing day by day to the set of flight legs contained within the next
24-hour period in the aircraft rotation.
The aircraft maintenance routing problem is sometimes cast simply as a feasibility prob-
lem ,