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activates an alerting chime in the cockpit and signals the crew to respond on the assigned HF channel. With the
availability of SELCAL, the crews are not required to continuously monitor the frequency, which in the case of
the continuous static of HF would be both distracting and fatiguing.
18 Air transport cockpits normally contain one or two extra seats or “jumpseats” that are used primarily by aug-
mented crew members, check pilots, FAA inspectors and other officials. In addition, other pilots may occupy the
jumpseat with the permission of the captain, which enables them to commute when the cabin is full.

230 Airline Flight Operations
briefed) cabin emergencies requiring cockpit notification and short flight legs where the
cruise altitude is below 10 000 feet MSL. In some terrain-critical regions such as South
America, the sterile period may continue to as high as 25 000 feet MSL.
8.3.4 Pre-departure
As the scheduled departure time approaches, the captain, lead gate agent and ground crew
chief coordinate their efforts to see that all pre-departure requirements are met. The pilots
finalize the FMS and autoflight parameters by obtaining an update on weather conditions
and runway utilization through ATIS. In addition, the crew must receive confirmation of
the flight’s routing from ATC. Prior to the scheduled departure (usually at least a few
hours before), the airline’s dispatch office files a requested routing based on the flight plan
optimization with ATC. Approximately 20 minutes prior to departure, the ATC route clear-
ance19 is requested, preferably through the ACARS PDC function previously discussed.
The ATC route clearance received by the crew may differ from the filed routing and the
changes must be addressed (fuel/performance/dispatch considerations) and reprogrammed.
Since the takeoff performance parameters are calculated an hour or more prior to take-
off, any changes in the weather, runway usage and loads must be closely monitored and
accounted for right up to the takeoff roll. Once the clearance is received, the crew can per-
form the “before starting engines” checklist. At approximately 10 minutes prior to depar-
ture, the captain turns on the “Fasten Seat Belt” sign which signals the flight attendants to
ready the cabin for departure and deliver the requisite public address (PA) announcements.
In